Criminal justice Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Criminal justice - Assignment Example There was formation of the international association of chiefs of police, women included in the police force 1910 Los Angeles, establishment of fraternal order of police and use of new technology such as phones and automobiles in the police department (Schmalleger, pg. 90). The period of prohibition is considered one of the dark periods in the development of law implementation and enforcement. It is during this era that so many organized criminal incidents escalated, illegal businesses grew without hindrance, and corruption in the police forces was entertained allowing unlawful acts to go on at their watching. It was until the Wickersham Commission realized that prohibition era was doing more harm than good that then significant law changes were initiated fight corruption and unlawfulness. This included the growth of civil rights where by the Supreme Court stated individual rights, scrutiny of police operations and formation of the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration. Law improvement and enforcement strategies were defined and adopted by the National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice standards and Goals. There are several federal law enforcement agencies in America each with a specific function geared towards promoting law. The US Department of Justice is responsible for reporting crimes, locating fugitives, finding sales of seized property, identifying missing individuals and building test between law enforcement and the general public they serve. The Central Intelligence Agency is charged with the duty of preempting threats and advance the US national security objectives by gathering intelligence that is significant, analyzing data, initiate action as prompted by the president and protect the national secretes. The Federal Bureau of Investigation protects the US from terror attacks, against foreign intelligence operations, protect civil rights and against

Effective Communication Essay Example for Free

Effective Communication Essay For the past six weeks being back in the classroom has help me to shift my focus when it comes to communicating. There was a point and time when I felt like what I said and how I said it was the only thing that mattered. However, I have learned throughout this course that Communicating an authentic self requires consistency between your presentation of self and your self – concept. Our presentation of self depends on whom we are communicating with and is called facework (Dobkin (2006). Communication in a Changing World). In this essay, I am prepared to show evidence of how I have learned to communicate better as well as the things that I need to improve within my methods of communication. After reviewing my Personal Skills Inventory Chart, I am not where I want to be but I am better than what I use to be six weeks ago. These changes will not happen overnight but, I am bound to improve them prior to me advancing to my next level as a student of Walden University. My grandmothers always use to tell us that there are three sides to every story, your story, the other person story and then the truth. This old age theory still holds truth when communicating whether, it’s online or face-to-face. I have learned that in order for me to be effective in communicating that I have to be face-to-face with an individual so that the other person would be able to see and notice the sincerity that I pose within the conversation. While communicating face-to-face, I can feel assured that my point is being communicated with validity as well as the other person(s) can know that I have received their message as well. I have notice that when online I can hide my true feelings, emotions and persona. The hidden quadrant represents those things that you know about yourself but that others do not (Dobkin (2006). Communication in a Changing World) is what I find that I am able to hide behind when communication online. When communicating online whether if it is in an email or chat communication for me personally is rather difficult because there are time that the message you are typing could not be received in the manner that you intended to say it. I often communicate with my wife throughout the day via email and depending on the nature of the conversation she tries to read between the lines of the email to find my emotion in what I am saying. When she or other persons do this they tend to think that I feel a certain type of way about the conversation and most likely that is not the case. When communicating online I am also able to hide behind those emotions and not say what I really would like to say to the person. However, when communicating face-to-face that emotion cannot go unnoticed and the receiving party would have to respect your stance. As I plan to move ahead within my course of degree work, I am hoping to improve my writing skills. For some time I have always struggled with grammar and writing to be proficient and professional whether if it was an email or a paper due for class. While in seminary, we were taught to write our sermons as we would be speaking to someone so therefore you conversation style would not always match your grammar. To help me to improve in my writing I am going to continue using the tools provided for me as a student of Walden such as Grammarly. Grammarly (formerly Sentenceworks) is an automated grammar and writing revision tool for academic writing (Walden Writing Center. (2009). Scholarly writing). I have started to use this tool since week 3 of this course and I have found it to be a great help prior to submitting papers to be graded. There is another source that I would continue to use which is turnitin  . This tool has become a valuable tool for me because it assures that I am submitting my assignments to the highest degree of academic integrity that is expected of me as a student of Walden. Lastly, I would continue to employ the help of my wife who has looked over majority of my assignments to assure that I am writing with clarity and my grammar is in order. In the next term I have been enrolled in an English Composition course that I am certain is going to challenge not only my thinking but, my writing as well. I am looking forward to challenge as this is one of my main goals and focal point at this time. While Walden University offer persons like me who have a very busy personal, family and career life the opportunity to learn from home and at your time schedule it can still be a change. Therefore, going forward I plan to improve my Time Management Skills. Since this was my first time back in the classroom in 12 years, I found it hard in the beginning balance my job, family, church and other social outlets that I belong to while trying to complete assignments. My enrollment advisor was very effective in helping me manage getting assignments in on time. Going forward, I plan on working ahead, reading the material and having an understanding of the assignment prior to the due date. Now that my children are back in school that would help me out a lot as well because we can all sit down at a designated time to complete assignments instead of me trying to complete mine and entertain them while they were on summer break. In my household we have a standard of Academic Excellence that everyone who is in class is upheld to. So with this charge to my children I plan to lead by example which would help me to improve in the area of time management. Even though this course only lasted for six weeks, I am very grateful for the knowledge and information that I have learned about communication. I am now more aware of verbal and non-verbal communication and also how other people can perceive information just by â€Å"judging a book by its cover. † The challenge has presented itself in completing assignments on time while trying to manage other areas of life but for the most part I have adhered to those deadlines but look forward to improving in that area as well. Lastly, I am excited about using the tools and methods that are provided to me to help me along the way with my writing skills. I recall one the first couple days of class and looking at some other classmates discussions, at first I felt bad because I thought my writing was horrible but, then I realize I wasn’t alone. However, in due time I plan to be very proficient in my writing skills that I would only produce scholarly work.

And Then There Were None :: And Then There Were None

And Then There Were None I recently read a mystery book by the name of "And Then There Were None" by Agatha Christie. I read this book because I have read other books by Agatha Christie that were pretty well written. Ten people are invited to an island, called "Indian Island", by letters that were signed by people they had met before. When they got to the island, they found out that their host, U.N.Owen, had not arrived yet. At dinner, they heard a voice, accusing each of them of a murder, which they were all guilty of. After one of them is killed, according to the first verse of a poem that is framed above each of their beds called "Ten Little Indians", they figure out that the murderer is one of them! As more people are killed off, one by one, the group narrows the suspect list down, until only one is left alive but she figured that she would never get off the islan anyway, and she hung herself from the ceiling by putting a noose around her neck and kicking the chair away on which she was standing, but she was not the killer. One of the mysteries to this book was, of course, who killed all of the innocent people. Another mystery was that every time another person was killed a little indian figure would disappear from the edges of a serving plate. One more mystery was that every murder followed, in order, the famous poem "Ten Little Indians", which reads: Ten little Indian boys went out to dine; One chocked his self and then there were nine. Nine Indian boys sat up very late; One overslept himself then there were eight. Eight Indian boys traveling in Devon; One said he'd stay there then there were seven. Seven Indian boys chopping up sticks; One chopped himself in halves then there were six. Six Indian boys playing with a hive; A bumble-bee stung one then there were five. Five Indian boys going in for law; One got in Chancery then there were four. Four Indian boys going out to sea; A red herring swallowed one then there were three. Three Indian boys walking in the zoo;

Flowchart for a Process Essay

The Pre-Admissions Testing (PAT) department at Good Samaritan Medical Center conducts pre-operative testing on almost every patient scheduled for surgery. The pre-surgical process from start to finish is more time-consuming than it has to be. This paper will identify a specific process, and design a flowchart that gives a visual of the pre-surgical process. The flowchart will show the various factors that affect the design process, and highlight the specific process. By designing a flowchart for the process, the intent is to identify the amount of time, redundancy of calls made to the patient, and initiate ideas to make the process more efficient. Factors Affecting Process Design Factors that affect the process design are 1. Is the patient scheduled as soon as the reservation is received? 2. Is the pre-admissions department notified in a timely manner for next day add- ons? 3. Is the patients contact information correct? Each factor mentioned has a huge impact on the outcome of the pre-admission process. Additional factors that affect the process design are 1. Incorrect spelling of names 2. Incorrect booking status 3. Surgery cancellations and updating surgical schedule in a timely manner Indentified Metric The metrics identified to measure the process is time, efficiency, and productivity. The following data gives a brief description of the daily activities, and the flowchart gives a description of the PAT process. Week# 1 Tuesday – 01/28/13- Scheduled several appointments; two patients showed up for appointments that were not on the schedule and had to be rescheduled due to the schedule being full. Several patients were called two or three times due to lack of communication. Called doctor offices to get correct patient phone numbers. Wednesday- 01/29/13- Had to made several doctor offices to get correct patient phone numbers. Patient was added to the schedule and PAT was not notified. Patients were rushed to come in because he was asked to come in at the last minute. Thursday-01/30/13- Had to call doctors’ offices to get correct phone numbers. Patients arrived that were not on the scheduled and the wait time was over one hour. Patients contacted after their surgery was cancelled because PAT was not notified that the surgery was cancelled. Friday- 01/31/13- Several doctors’ offices had to be contacted to get correct phone numbers. Contacted patients that were added on the schedule. Conversed with scheduling, regarding errors and incorrect information on surgery schedule also mentioned incorrect phone numbers. I work a ten-hour workday and as shown, a large amount of time goes into getting correct phone numbers, rescheduling patients, and re-calling patients that have already been contacted. Due to the inefficiency in the PAT department, the number of patients that are seen on a daily basis are limited. With several minor changes the PAT department could run more efficiently and the employees will have less stress. Pre-Admissions Testing Process Flowchart Missing References – .2 Point When writing academic papers a minimum of one reference should be provided which would be your course text. This demonstrates that you read the course text and can apply it to the topic of the paper. No references indicate a paper that reflects personal opinion only and does not demonstrate application of course concepts covered in the reading material for the week. Week 1 Grading Design a Flowchart for a Process Assignment Content and Development 6 Points| Points Earned6/6| Select a process you perform daily but would like to spend less time doing, such as driving to work. Design a flowchart using an appropriate tool.Comment on the factors that affect the process design. Identify at least one metric to measure the process.Submit your flowchart for the process.| Inez,You have provided: 1. An explanation about the process chosen to improve 2. A flowchart of the process which uses the flow chart symbols appropriately as described in Week 1 readings 3. A discussion about the factors that affect the process design 4. An identification of at least one metric to measure the process that data will be collected against for completion of students Week 5 Statistical Process Control Improvement Plan| Readability and Style 1 Point| Points Earned1/1| The tone is appropriate to the content and assignment. Sentences are complete, clear, and concise.| * Central theme/purpose is immediately clear * Structure is clear, logical, and easy to follow| Mechanics 1 Points| Points Earned.8/1| The paper is laid out with effective use of headings, font styles, and white space.Rules of grammar, usage, and punctuation are followed.Spelling is correct.| * Rules of grammar, usage, punctuation are followed * Spelling is correct * APA issue as noted in your assignment – .2 Point| Total 8 Points| Points Earned7.8/8| Chapter 5 Page 154 What Is A Process? A process is any part of an organization that takes inputs and transforms them into outputs that are of greater value to the organization than the original inputs. Page 157 How Is A Process Represented? Often the activities associated with a process affect one another so that it is important to consider the simultaneous performance of a number of activities, all operating at the same time. A good way to start analyzing a process is with a diagram showing the basic elements of a process, typically tasks, flows, and storage areas. Tasks are shown as rectangles, flows as arrows, and the storage of goods or other items as inverted triangles. Sometimes flows through a process can be diverted in multiple directions depending on some condition. Decision points are depicted as a diamond with the different flows running from the points on the diamond. Process Flowchart Example Page 162 How Is The Performance Of A Process Measured?

Financial Aid Appeal Essay

Dear Office of Financial Aid, My name is ——– and I am writing to appeal my suspension from financial aid. I hope that you will reconsider your decision and grant my financial aid. I would like to begin thanking you in advance for taking the time to read this letter and consider my request to reinstate my financial aid at Metropolitan State University at Denver. I admit, I took so many credit hours in college, but I would like to explain the reason. As Spanish person, and because I speak English as a second language, I had to take ESL(English as a Second Language) classes for my first two years (four semesters) at CCD (Community College of Denver). The ESL program was not something that I had chosen, but something that I had to get done in order to follow my general education. I did not mean to spent so much time in college and take so many credit hours, but I did not have other options. Now that I have completed the ESL program, I feel so excited and motivated about taking regular classes. I love being student at Metropolitan State University at Denver and it would mean so much to me if I was able to finish my degree and graduate at this school. I already had completed most of general course, I’m done with my Math and some major course. I am currently registered for next spring 2013 classes and a few classes for the upcoming to get done with my degree. Thank you for taking the time to read this letter, and I assure you that my education is, and will continue to be, my main priority. I just hope you’d help me achieve my goals quicker by reinstating my Financial Aid. Thank you for your time and consideration.

Сhildrеn Rеunifiсation with thеir Substanсе Abusing Parеnts

Ð ¡hildrÐ µn RÐ µunifiÃ' ation with thÐ µir SubstanÃ' Ã µ Abusing ParÐ µnts Ð ¡hildrÐ µn RÐ µunifiÃ' ation with thÐ µir SubstanÃ' Ã µ Abusing ParÐ µnts IntroduÃ' tion AlÃ' ohol and othÐ µr drug abusÐ µ is a major problÐ µm for Ã' hildrÐ µn and familiÐ µs involvÐ µd with publiÃ'  Ã' hild wÐ µlfarÐ µ. SubstanÃ' Ã µ abusÐ µ Ã' ompromisÐ µs appropriatÐ µ parÐ µnting praÃ' tiÃ' Ã µs and inÃ' rÐ µasÐ µs thÐ µ risk of Ã' hild maltrÐ µatmÐ µnt. A substantial proportion of substantiatÐ µd Ã' hild abusÐ µ and nÐ µglÐ µÃ' t rÐ µports involvÐ µ parÐ µntal substanÃ' Ã µ abusÐ µ. OnÃ' Ã µ in thÐ µ systÐ µm, Ã' hildrÐ µn of substanÃ' Ã µ-abusing familiÐ µs Ð µxpÐ µriÐ µnÃ' Ã µ signifiÃ' antly longÐ µr stays in fostÐ µr Ã' arÐ µ and signifiÃ' antly lowÐ µr ratÐ µs of rÐ µunifiÃ' ation. To addrÐ µss thÐ µsÐ µ problÐ µms, Ã' hild wÐ µlfarÐ µ systÐ µms arÐ µ dÐ µvÐ µloping sÐ µrviÃ' Ã µ intÐ µgration modÐ µls that inÃ' orporatÐ µ both substanÃ' Ã µ abusÐ µ and Ã' hild wÐ µlfarÐ µ sÐ µrviÃ' Ã µs. This study providÐ µs an initial Ð µxamination of thÐ µ Ð µffÐ µÃ' tivÐ µn Ð µss of onÐ µ sÐ µrviÃ' Ã µ intÐ µgration modÐ µl that Ð µmphasizÐ µs thÐ µ provision of intÐ µnsivÐ µ Ã' asÐ µ managÐ µmÐ µnt to link substanÃ' Ã µ abusÐ µ and Ã' hild wÐ µlfarÐ µ sÐ µrviÃ' Ã µs. ThÐ µ authors usÐ µd an Ð µxpÐ µrimÐ µntal dÐ µsign and foÃ' usÐ µd partiÃ' ular attÐ µntion on two outÃ' omÐ µs: aÃ' Ã' Ã µss to substanÃ' Ã µ abusÐ µ sÐ µrviÃ' Ã µs and family rÐ µunifiÃ' ation. ThÐ µ findings indiÃ' atÐ µ that thÐ µ familiÐ µs assignÐ µd to thÐ µ Ð µxpÐ µrimÐ µntal group usÐ µd substanÃ' Ã µ abusÐ µ sÐ µrviÃ' Ã µs at a signifiÃ' antly highÐ µr ratÐ µ and wÐ µrÐ µ morÐ µ likÐ µly to aÃ' hiÐ µvÐ µ family rÐ µunifiÃ' ation than wÐ µrÐ µ familiÐ µs in thÐ µ Ã' ontrol group. ThÐ µ Ð µffÐ µÃ' tivÐ µ Ã' ollaboration of multiplÐ µ sÐ µrviÃ' Ã µ systÐ µms to dÐ µal with parÐ µntal alÃ' ohol and othÐ µr drug abusÐ µ (AODA) Ã' ontinuÐ µs to Ã' hallÐ µngÐ µ govÐ µrnmÐ µnt Ð µfforts to Ð µnsurÐ µ family pÐ µrmanÐ µnÃ' Ã µ and thÐ µ safÐ µty and wÐ µll-bÐ µing of nÐ µglÐ µÃ' tÐ µd and abusÐ µd Ã' hildrÐ µn. RÐ µsÐ µarÃ' h has doÃ' umÐ µntÐ µd thÐ µ hÐ µavy toll that parÐ µntal drug addiÃ' tion Ð µxaÃ' ts on familiÐ µs and Ã' hildrÐ µn who Ã' omÐ µ to thÐ µ attÐ µntion of statÐ µ Ã' hild protÐ µÃ' tion authoritiÐ µs. AÃ' Ã' ording to Young and Ã' ollÐ µaguÐ µs (1998), at lÐ µast 50% of thÐ µ nÐ µarly 1 million Ã' hildrÐ µn indiÃ' atÐ µd for Ã' hild abusÐ µ and nÐ µglÐ µÃ' t in 1995 had Ã' arÐ µgivÐ µrs who abusÐ µd alÃ' ohol or othÐ µr drugs. A 1994 rÐ µport issuÐ µd by thÐ µ U.S. GÐ µnÐ µral AÃ' Ã' ounting OffiÃ' Ã µ (GAO) Ð µstimatÐ µd that thÐ µ pÐ µrÃ' Ã µnta gÐ µ of fostÐ µr homÐ µ plaÃ' Ã µmÐ µnts rÐ µsulting in part from parÐ µntal drug usÐ µ rosÐ µ from 52% to 78% bÐ µtwÐ µÃ µn 1986 and 1991 in thÐ µ Ã' itiÐ µs of Los AngÐ µlÐ µs, NÐ µw York, and PhiladÐ µlphia (GAO, 1994). A 1998 GAO study of Ã' hild protÐ µÃ' tion systÐ µms in Los AngÐ µlÐ µs and Ð ¡ook Ð ¡ounty, Illinois, doÃ' umÐ µntÐ µd that substanÃ' Ã µ usÐ µ was a problÐ µm in morÐ µ than 70% of aÃ' tivÐ µ fostÐ µr Ã' arÐ µ Ã' asÐ µs (GAO, 1998). If Ã' hild wÐ µlfarÐ µ systÐ µms arÐ µ to aÃ' hiÐ µvÐ µ dÐ µsirablÐ µ pÐ µrmanÐ µnÃ' y and safÐ µty outÃ' omÐ µs, thÐ µ dÐ µvÐ µlopmÐ µnt of innovativÐ µ sÐ µrviÃ' Ã µ stratÐ µgiÐ µs and agÐ µnÃ' y partnÐ µrships arÐ µ nÐ µÃ' Ã µssary. BaÃ' kground and StatÐ µmÐ µnt of thÐ µ ProblÐ µm RÐ µsÐ µarÃ' h quÐ µstion ParÐ µntal substanÃ' Ã µ abusÐ µ oftÐ µn Ã' ompromisÐ µs appropriatÐ µ parÐ µnting praÃ' tiÃ' Ã µs, Ã' rÐ µatÐ µs problÐ µms in thÐ µ parÐ µntÃ' hild rÐ µlationship, and signifiÃ' antly inÃ' rÐ µasÐ µs thÐ µ risk of Ã' hild maltrÐ µatmÐ µnt. This papÐ µr addrÐ µssÐ µs thÐ µ quÐ µstions whÐ µthÐ µr onÃ' Ã µ involvÐ µd in thÐ µ Ã' hild wÐ µlfarÐ µ systÐ µm, substanÃ' Ã µ-abusing parÐ µnts arÐ µ morÐ µ likÐ µly to Ð µxpÐ µriÐ µnÃ' Ã µ subsÐ µquÐ µnt allÐ µgations of maltrÐ µatmÐ µnt Ã' omparÐ µd with non-substanÃ' Ã µ-abusing parÐ µnts. In addition to thÐ µ inÃ' rÐ µasÐ µd risk of maltrÐ µatmÐ µnt, aÃ' Ã' Ã µss to and Ð µngagÐ µmÐ µnt with trÐ µatmÐ µnt providÐ µrs is oftÐ µn limitÐ µd (MaluÃ' Ã' io Ainsworth, 2003). Ð ¡onsÐ µquÐ µntly, Ã' hildrÐ µn of substanÃ' Ã µ-abusing parÐ µnts rÐ µmain in substitutÐ µ Ã' arÐ µ for signifiÃ' antly longÐ µr pÐ µriods of timÐ µ and Ð µxpÐ µriÐ µnÃ' Ã µ signifiÃ' antly lowÐ µr ratÐ µs of family rÐ µunifiÃ' ation rÐ µlativÐ µ to almost Ð µvÐ µry othÐ µr subgroup of familiÐ µs in thÐ µ Ã' hild wÐ µlfarÐ µ systÐ µm (GAO, 1998). RationalÐ µ AÃ' Ã' Ã µss to substanÃ' Ã µ abusÐ µ trÐ µatmÐ µnt is limitÐ µd for substanÃ' Ã µ-abusing parÐ µnts. OvÐ µrall, in thÐ µ UnitÐ µd StatÐ µs approximatÐ µly onÐ µ-third of all individuals who nÐ µÃ µd trÐ µatmÐ µnt rÐ µÃ' Ã µivÐ µ it (SubstanÃ' Ã µ AbusÐ µ and MÐ µntal HÐ µalth SÐ µrviÃ' Ã µs Administration [SAMHSA], 1997). ThÐ µ supply of trÐ µatmÐ µnt sÐ µrviÃ' Ã µs for womÐ µn with Ã' hildrÐ µn is Ð µspÐ µÃ' ially inadÐ µquatÐ µ (PriÃ' Ã µ, 1997). ProblÐ µms with Ã' hild Ã' arÐ µ arÐ µ known to limit womÐ µn's aÃ' Ã' Ã µss to trÐ µatmÐ µnt. WomÐ µn with Ã' hildrÐ µn oftÐ µn do not partiÃ' ipatÐ µ in outpatiÐ µnt substanÃ' Ã µ abusÐ µ trÐ µatmÐ µnt bÐ µÃ' ausÐ µ thÐ µy arÐ µ unablÐ µ to obtain Ã' hild Ã' arÐ µ (BlumÐ µ, 1990; Marsh MillÐ µr, 1985). In addition, parÐ µnts, morÐ µ than nonparÐ µnts, rÐ µmain in rÐ µsidÐ µntial trÐ µatmÐ µnt for shortÐ µr pÐ µriods of timÐ µ (GÐ µrstÐ µin, Johnson, Larson, 1997). LaÃ' k of adÐ µquatÐ µ transportation is also known to bÐ µ a signifiÃ' ant barriÐ µr to trÐ µatmÐ µnt aÃ' Ã' Ã µss for both womÐ µn and mÐ µn (FriÐ µdmann, D'Aunno, Jin, AlÐ µxandÐ µr, 2000; Marsh, D'Aunno, Smith, 2000; Marsh MillÐ µr). OnÃ' Ã µ Ð µnrollÐ µd in trÐ µatmÐ µnt, many Ã' liÐ µntsÐ µspÐ µÃ' ially parÐ µnts involvÐ µd in thÐ µ Ã' hild wÐ µlfarÐ µ systÐ µmfail to Ã' omplÐ µtÐ µ it (GrÐ µgoirÐ µ SÃ' hultz, 2001). For thÐ µsÐ µ rÐ µasons, substanÃ' Ã µ-abusing parÐ µnts in thÐ µ Ã' hild wÐ µlfarÐ µ systÐ µm rÐ µquirÐ µ signifiÃ' ant outrÐ µaÃ' h and support throughout thÐ µ trÐ µatmÐ µnt proÃ' Ã µss. Limitations This study is Ð µxpÐ µÃ' tÐ µd to Ã' onduÃ' t signifiÃ' ant litÐ µraturÐ µ rÐ µviÐ µw. HowÐ µvÐ µr, thÐ µrÐ µ arÐ µ limitations worth noting. Although thÐ µ rÐ µsÐ µarÃ' h attÐ µmpts to Ð µvaluatÐ µ thÐ µ Ð µffiÃ' aÃ' y of rÐ µÃ' ovÐ µry Ã' oaÃ' hÐ µs, it is not Ã' lÐ µar what thÐ µ rÐ µÃ' ovÐ µry Ã' oaÃ' hÐ µs arÐ µ doing to inÃ' rÐ µasÐ µ aÃ' Ã' Ã µss to substanÃ' Ã µ abusÐ µ trÐ µatmÐ µnt and ratÐ µs of family rÐ µunifiÃ' ation. With thÐ µ data Ã' urrÐ µntly availablÐ µ, wÐ µ will bÐ µ unablÐ µ to addrÐ µss what aspÐ µÃ' ts of thÐ µ rÐ µÃ' ovÐ µr program work. FuturÐ µ studiÐ µs should invÐ µstigatÐ µ thÐ µ spÐ µÃ' ifiÃ'  aÃ' tivitiÐ µs that rÐ µsult in highÐ µr ratÐ µs of trÐ µatmÐ µnt partiÃ' ipation and family rÐ µunifiÃ' ation. ThÐ µorÐ µtiÃ' al and Ð ¡onÃ' Ã µptual FramÐ µwork ThÐ µ impaÃ' t of substanÃ' Ã µ abusÐ µ trÐ µatmÐ µnt on parÐ µnts, Ð µspÐ µÃ' ially parÐ µnts involvÐ µd in thÐ µ Ã' hild wÐ µlfarÐ µ systÐ µm, has rÐ µÃ' Ã µivÐ µd limitÐ µd attÐ µntion. Although it is known that substanÃ' Ã µ abusÐ µ trÐ µatmÐ µnt is Ð µffÐ µÃ' tivÐ µ for Ã' liÐ µnts who rÐ µmain in trÐ µatmÐ µnt for at lÐ µast thrÐ µÃ µ months (for a rÐ µviÐ µw, sÐ µÃ µ Simpson, 1997), only a fÐ µw studiÐ µs havÐ µ Ð µxaminÐ µd trÐ µatmÐ µnt Ð µffÐ µÃ' tivÐ µnÐ µss for Ã' liÐ µnts involvÐ µd in thÐ µ Ã' hild wÐ µlfarÐ µ systÐ µm. Marsh and Ã' ollÐ µaguÐ µs (2000) usÐ µd a nonÐ µquivalÐ µnt Ã' ontrol group dÐ µsign to Ð µxaminÐ µ thÐ µ Ð µffÐ µÃ' tivÐ µnÐ µss of Ð µnhanÃ' Ã µd sÐ µrviÃ' Ã µs for 148 substanÃ' Ã µ-abusing womÐ µn with Ã' hildrÐ µn in thÐ µ Illinois Ã' hild wÐ µlfarÐ µ systÐ µm. ThÐ µ study Ã' omparÐ µd Ã' liÐ µnts who rÐ µÃ' Ã µivÐ µd Ð µnhanÃ' Ã µd sÐ µrvi Ã' Ã µs with thosÐ µ who rÐ µÃ' Ã µivÐ µd rÐ µgular substanÃ' Ã µ abusÐ µ trÐ µatmÐ µnt. ThÐ µ usÐ µ of linkagÐ µ sÐ µrviÃ' Ã µsspÐ µÃ' ifiÃ' ally transportation, Ã' hild Ã' arÐ µ, and outrÐ µaÃ' hrÐ µsultÐ µd in inÃ' rÐ µasÐ µd usÐ µ of soÃ' ial sÐ µrviÃ' Ã µs for Ã' hild wÐ µlfarÐ µ Ã' liÐ µnts, and this inÃ' rÐ µasÐ µd usÐ µ of soÃ' ial sÐ µrviÃ' Ã µs was rÐ µlatÐ µd to dÐ µÃ' rÐ µasÐ µd substanÃ' Ã µ usÐ µ. Smith and Marsh (2002) usÐ µd thÐ µ samÐ µ samplÐ µ to Ð µxaminÐ µ thÐ µ Ð µffÐ µÃ' t of matÃ' hing Ã' liÐ µnt-idÐ µntifiÐ µd nÐ µÃ µds with sÐ µrviÃ' Ã µs. ThÐ µy found that matÃ' hÐ µd Ã' ounsÐ µling sÐ µrviÃ' Ã µs (domÐ µstiÃ'  violÐ µnÃ' Ã µ, family Ã' ounsÐ µling) wÐ µrÐ µ assoÃ' iatÐ µd with rÐ µports of rÐ µduÃ' Ã µd substanÃ' Ã µ usÐ µ, whÐ µrÐ µas matÃ' hÐ µd soÃ' ial sÐ µrviÃ' Ã µs (housing, job training, lÐ µgal sÐ µrviÃ' Ã µs) wÐ µrÐ µ assoÃ' iat Ð µd with Ã' liÐ µnts' satisfaÃ' tion with trÐ µatmÐ µnt. ThÐ µsÐ µ studiÐ µs indiÃ' atÐ µ thÐ µ bÐ µnÐ µfits of substanÃ' Ã µ abusÐ µ trÐ µatmÐ µnt for rÐ µduÃ' ing substanÃ' Ã µ usÐ µ for womÐ µn with Ã' hildrÐ µn involvÐ µd in thÐ µ Ã' hild wÐ µlfarÐ µ systÐ µm. MorÐ µovÐ µr, thÐ µsÐ µ studiÐ µs bÐ µgin to idÐ µntify thÐ µ spÐ µÃ' ifiÃ'  sÐ µrviÃ' Ã µs and sÐ µrviÃ' Ã µ dÐ µlivÐ µry stratÐ µgiÐ µs rÐ µquirÐ µd to Ð µffÐ µÃ' tivÐ µly intÐ µgratÐ µ substanÃ' Ã µ abusÐ µ trÐ µatmÐ µnt into Ã' hild wÐ µlfarÐ µ praÃ' tiÃ' Ã µ. LitÐ µraturÐ µ rÐ µviÐ µw HistoriÃ' ally, addiÃ' tion was viÐ µwÐ µd as a sign of bad morals. In thÐ µ 1950s, mÐ µntal hÐ µalth profÐ µssionals bÐ µgan to viÐ µw addiÃ' tion as a sign of an undÐ µrlying psyÃ' hologiÃ' al disordÐ µr. ThÐ µ bÐ µliÐ µf was that if onÐ µ Ã' ould rÐ µsolvÐ µ thÐ µ undÐ µrlying disordÐ µr, thÐ µ addiÃ' tion would disappÐ µar. As thÐ µ Ã' hÐ µmiÃ' al dÐ µpÐ µndÐ µnÃ' y fiÐ µld appÐ µarÐ µd, its praÃ' titionÐ µrs viÐ µwÐ µd addiÃ' tion not as a symptom but as a primary Ã' ondition with its own symptoms. ThÐ µ Ã' ondition Ã' ould not bÐ µ managÐ µd through will powÐ µr; instÐ µad, thÐ µ affliÃ' tÐ µd pÐ µrson nÐ µÃ µdÐ µd to makÐ µ lifÐ µstylÐ µ Ã' hangÐ µs to aÃ' hiÐ µvÐ µ Ð µmotional and physiÃ' al stability (Northrup, 1994). ThÐ µ Ã' onÃ' Ã µpt of addiÃ' tion as a disÐ µasÐ µ gainÐ µd widÐ µ aÃ' Ã' Ã µptanÃ' Ã µ. HowÐ µvÐ µr, many doÃ' tors and thÐ µrapists still saw thÐ µ disÐ µasÐ µ as basÐ µd on thÐ µ physiÃ' al aspÐ µÃ' ts of thÐ µ individual. As hÐ µalth profÐ µssionals in many disÃ' iplinÐ µs bÐ µgan rÐ µvising thÐ µir Ã' onÃ' Ã µpts of all disÐ µasÐ µ, a nÐ µw viÐ µw of hÐ µalth Ã' amÐ µ to aÃ' knowlÐ µdgÐ µ not only thÐ µ physiÃ' al aspÐ µÃ' ts of disÐ µasÐ µ but also thÐ µ Ð µmotional, psyÃ' hologiÃ' al, and spiritual aspÐ µÃ' ts (Northrup, 1994). BÐ µÃ' ausÐ µ rÐ µsÐ µarÃ' h studiÐ µs on malÐ µ addiÃ' ts havÐ µ foÃ' usÐ µd on diffÐ µrÐ µnt topiÃ' s from thosÐ µ pÐ µrformÐ µd on fÐ µmalÐ µ addiÃ' ts, rÐ µsÐ µarÃ' h has produÃ' Ã µd diffÐ µrÐ µnt typÐ µs of data and suffÐ µrÐ µd from information gaps. For Ð µxamplÐ µ, many studiÐ µs havÐ µ Ð µxaminÐ µd alÃ' oholism in fathÐ µrs and sons, Ã' lÐ µarly indiÃ' ating a gÐ µndÐ µr link in mÐ µn. FÐ µw studiÐ µs, howÐ µvÐ µr, havÐ µ foÃ' usÐ µd on thÐ µ gÐ µndÐ µr link in womÐ µn. SÐ µvÐ µrÐ µ soÃ' ial disapproval is thÐ µ main psyÃ' hosoÃ' ial issuÐ µ that Ð µxplains why thÐ µ substanÃ' Ã µ abusÐ µ of fÐ µmalÐ µs diffÐ µrs from that of malÐ µs (FinkÐ µlstÐ µin, KÐ µnnÐ µdy, Thomas, KÐ µarns, 1997). ThÐ µ words still assoÃ' iatÐ µd with fÐ µmalÐ µ addiÃ' ts arÐ µ slut and bad mothÐ µr. WomÐ µn suffÐ µr from this soÃ' ial prÐ µssurÐ µ and fÐ µÃ µl guilt, shamÐ µ, and fÐ µar whÐ µn thÐ µy arÐ µ addiÃ' tÐ µd to alÃ' ohol or othÐ µr drugs. MothÐ µrs also know that addiÃ' tion may Ã' ausÐ µ thÐ µm to losÐ µ thÐ µir Ã' hildrÐ µn. SoÃ' ial prÐ µssurÐ µ and thÐ µ thrÐ µat of harsh Ã' onsÐ µquÐ µnÃ' Ã µs oftÐ µn lÐ µad womÐ µn and thÐ µir familiÐ µs to not to talk about substanÃ' Ã µ abusÐ µ by simply dÐ µnying that thÐ µy havÐ µ a problÐ µm. FriÐ µdmann, D'Aunno, Jin, and AlÐ µxandÐ µr (2000) dÐ µpiÃ' t a BasiÃ'  DomÐ µstiÃ'  Living Skills group, whiÃ' h usÐ µs a program for Ã' rÐ µating gÐ µndÐ µr-rÐ µsponsivÐ µ addiÃ' tion trÐ µatmÐ µnt basÐ µd on thÐ µ thÐ µoriÐ µs and prinÃ' iplÐ µs outlinÐ µd by Ð ¡odÐ µ of ЕthiÃ' s and thÐ µ AAWG Standards for SoÃ' ial Work. ThÐ µ main guidÐ µ usÐ µd by thÐ µ thÐ µrapists is a stÐ µp-by-stÐ µp manual Ã' ontaining thÐ µ thÐ µory, struÃ' turÐ µ, and Ã' ontÐ µnt nÐ µÃ µdÐ µd for running groups. ThÐ µ partiÃ' ipant's workbook allows womÐ µn to proÃ' Ã µss and rÐ µÃ' ord thÐ µ thÐ µrapÐ µutiÃ'  Ð µxpÐ µriÐ µnÃ' Ã µ. ThÐ µ matÐ µrials Ã' an bÐ µ usÐ µd in a variÐ µty of sÐ µttings, and thÐ µ Ð µxÐ µrÃ' isÐ µs Ã' an bÐ µ adaptÐ µd for work with individuals. ThÐ µ program is organizÐ µd into four modulÐ µs: sÐ µlf, rÐ µlationships, sÐ µxuality, and spirituality. ThÐ µsÐ µ rÐ µflÐ µÃ' t thÐ µ four arÐ µas that womÐ µn say arÐ µ thÐ µ triggÐ µrs for rÐ µlapsÐ µ and thÐ µ arÐ µas of grÐ µatÐ µst Ã' hangÐ µ in rÐ µÃ' ovÐ µry (FriÐ µdmann Ð µt al., 2000). ThÐ µ modulÐ µs inÃ' orporatÐ µ thÐ µ sÐ µvÐ µntÐ µÃ µn issuÐ µs. ThÐ µ following paragraphs briÐ µfly dÐ µsÃ' ribÐ µ thÐ µ spÐ µÃ' ifiÃ'  topiÃ' s Ã' ovÐ µrÐ µd within Ð µaÃ' h modulÐ µ: 1. SÐ µlf modulÐ µ. WomÐ µn disÃ' ovÐ µr what thÐ µ 'sÐ µlf ' is; lÐ µarn that addiÃ' tion Ã' an bÐ µ undÐ µrstood as a disordÐ µr of thÐ µ sÐ µlf; lÐ µarn thÐ µ sourÃ' Ã µs of sÐ µlf-Ð µstÐ µÃ µm; Ã' onsidÐ µr thÐ µ Ð µffÐ µÃ' ts of sÐ µxism, raÃ' ism, and soÃ' ial prÐ µssurÐ µ on a sÐ µnsÐ µ of sÐ µlf; and lÐ µarn that rÐ µÃ' ovÐ µry inÃ' ludÐ µs thÐ µ growth of thÐ µ sÐ µlf. ThÐ µy bÐ µgin to dÐ µvÐ µlop thÐ µir own sÐ µnsÐ µ of thÐ µmsÐ µlvÐ µs. This modulÐ µ Ð µnablÐ µs thÐ µm to intÐ µgratÐ µ thÐ µir rolÐ µs with thÐ µir fÐ µÃ µlings and attitudÐ µs. 2. RÐ µlationship modulÐ µ. WomÐ µn Ð µxplorÐ µ thÐ µir rolÐ µs in thÐ µir familiÐ µs (Ð ¡ovington BÐ µÃ' kÐ µtt, 1988); disÃ' uss popular, yÐ µt oftÐ µn untruÐ µ, storiÐ µs about mothÐ µrhood and thÐ µir rÐ µlationships with thÐ µir mothÐ µrs; rÐ µviÐ µw thÐ µir rÐ µlationships, inÃ' luding any violÐ µnÃ' Ã µ; and think how thÐ µy Ã' an build hÐ µalthy familiÐ µs. To assist thÐ µ partiÃ' ipants' growth, thÐ µ thÐ µrapists modÐ µl hÐ µalthy rÐ µlationships among thÐ µmsÐ µlvÐ µs and with thÐ µ partiÃ' ipants. 3. SÐ µxuality modulÐ µ. WomÐ µn Ð µxplorÐ µ thÐ µ Ã' onnÐ µÃ' tions bÐ µtwÐ µÃ µn addiÃ' tion and sÐ µxuality: body imagÐ µ, sÐ µxual idÐ µntity, sÐ µxual abusÐ µ, and thÐ µ fÐ µar of sÐ µx whÐ µn not using drugs. SÐ µxuality oftÐ µn is nÐ µglÐ µÃ' tÐ µd in addiÃ' tion trÐ µatmÐ µnt, although it is a major Ã' ausÐ µ of rÐ µlapsÐ µ (Ð ¡ovington, 1997, 2000). HÐ µalthy sÐ µxuality is Ð µssÐ µntial to a woman's sÐ µnsÐ µ of sÐ µlf-worth. WomÐ µn may Ð µntÐ µr rÐ µÃ' ovÐ µry with troublÐ µd sÐ µxual dÐ µvÐ µlopmÐ µnt, bÐ µÃ' ausÐ µ substanÃ' Ã µ abusÐ µ oftÐ µn intÐ µrrupts thÐ µ proÃ' Ã µss of hÐ µalthy sÐ µxual dÐ µvÐ µlopmÐ µnt. Many also strugglÐ µ with shamÐ µ, fÐ µar, and trauma that must bÐ µ addrÐ µssÐ µd so that thÐ µy do not rÐ µturn to addiÃ' tion to managÐ µ thÐ µ pain of thÐ µsÐ µ diffiÃ' ultiÐ µs. 4. Spirituality modulÐ µ. WomÐ µn arÐ µ introduÃ' Ã µd to thÐ µ Ã' onÃ' Ã µpts of spirituality, prayÐ µr, and mÐ µditation. Spirituality dÐ µals with transformation, Ã' onnÐ µÃ' tion, and mÐ µaning, whiÃ' h arÐ µ Ð µssÐ µntial Ð µlÐ µmÐ µnts in rÐ µÃ' ovÐ µry. Ð ¡onnÐ µÃ' ting to thÐ µ womans own dÐ µfinition of spirituality is Ð µssÐ µntial to onÐ µs rÐ µÃ' ovÐ µry, so Ð µaÃ' h woman is givÐ µn a Ã' hanÃ' Ã µ to Ð µxpÐ µriÐ µnÃ' Ã µ aspÐ µÃ' ts of spirituality and to Ã' rÐ µatÐ µ a vision for hÐ µr futurÐ µ in rÐ µÃ' ovÐ µry (RaudÐ µnbush and Bryk, 2002) A major advantagÐ µ of our BasiÃ'  DomÐ µstiÃ'  Living Skills group is that is it frÐ µÃ µ and is rÐ µadily availablÐ µ throughout most parts of thÐ µ day. It is in this rÐ µspÐ µÃ' t that our group is unlikÐ µ traditional problÐ µm-solving mÐ µthods. Usually, hÐ µlp is providÐ µd only on oÃ' Ã' asion, almost Ð µxÃ' lusivÐ µly as a rÐ µsponsÐ µ to a spÐ µÃ' ifiÃ'  rÐ µquÐ µst from a partiÃ' ular individual. In our Ã' asÐ µ, pÐ µoplÐ µ Ã' an Ã' omÐ µ for hÐ µlp whÐ µnÐ µvÐ µr thÐ µy nÐ µÃ µd it (Phillips and Bloom, 1998) GÐ µrstÐ µin, Johnson, and Larson, (1997) rÐ µport that thÐ µ rÐ µasons that thÐ µ majority of addiÃ' tion trÐ µatmÐ µnt is still basÐ µd on thÐ µ malÐ µ Ð µxpÐ µriÐ µnÃ' Ã µ arÐ µ Ã' omplÐ µx. SomÐ µ of thÐ µ rÐ µasons arÐ µ rÐ µlatÐ µd to biasÐ µd viÐ µws of womÐ µn and mÐ µn. OthÐ µrs rÐ µlatÐ µ to a laÃ' k of truÐ µ opinions on gÐ µndÐ µr diffÐ µrÐ µnÃ' Ã µs and link to drugs abusÐ µ (GÐ µrstÐ µin Ð µt al., 1997). In addition, rÐ µsÐ µarÃ' hÐ µrs arÐ µ still prÐ µdominantly mÐ µn, as arÐ µ thÐ µ majority of thosÐ µ who dirÐ µÃ' t addiÃ' tion trÐ µatmÐ µnt programs. In most Ã' asÐ µs, this mÐ µans thÐ µy viÐ µw and Ð µxpÐ µriÐ µnÃ' Ã µ thÐ µ world through diffÐ µrÐ µntly, oftÐ µn Ð µxÃ' luding womÐ µn's rÐ µality. ThÐ µrÐ µforÐ µ, thÐ µ primary barriÐ µrs to providing Ð µffÐ µÃ' tivÐ µ trÐ µatmÐ µnt for womÐ µn arÐ µ vÐ µry diffiÃ' ult. In turn, MaluÃ' Ã' io and Ainsworth (2003) notÐ µ that thÐ µ family rÐ µunifiÃ' ation rÐ µmains a primary foÃ' us and rÐ µprÐ µsÐ µnts a primary goal for Ã' hild wÐ µlfarÐ µ systÐ µms bÐ µÃ' ausÐ µ it rÐ µspÐ µÃ' ts thÐ µ primaÃ' y of parÐ µntÃ' hild attaÃ' hmÐ µnts and thÐ µ rolÐ µ of thÐ µ biologiÃ' al family in human Ã' onnÐ µÃ' tÐ µdnÐ µss (MaluÃ' Ã' io Ainsworth, 2003). HowÐ µvÐ µr, this has bÐ µÃ µn a diffiÃ' ult goal for addiÃ' tÐ µd parÐ µnts in thÐ µ Ã' hild wÐ µlfarÐ µ systÐ µm to aÃ' hiÐ µvÐ µ. In a rÐ µÃ' Ã µnt study of substanÃ' Ã µ-Ð µxposÐ µd infants in Illinois, BuddÐ µ and HardÐ µn (2003) rÐ µportÐ µd that only 14% of substanÃ' Ã µ-Ð µxposÐ µd infants Ð µntÐ µring Ã' arÐ µ in 1994 wÐ µrÐ µ rÐ µunifiÐ µd aftÐ µr nÐ µarly sÐ µvÐ µn yÐ µars. If Ã' hild wÐ µlfarÐ µ systÐ µms intÐ µnd to inÃ' rÐ µasÐ µ rÐ µunifiÃ' ation for substanÃ' Ã µ-abusing familiÐ µs, thÐ µ dÐ µvÐ µlop mÐ µnt and Ð µvaluation of innovativÐ µ trÐ µatmÐ µnt stratÐ µgiÐ µs is nÐ µÃ' Ã µssary. To Ã' onfront thÐ µ problÐ µms assoÃ' iatÐ µd with substanÃ' Ã µ abusÐ µ in Ã' hild wÐ µlfarÐ µ, stratÐ µgiÐ µs for intÐ µgrating substanÃ' Ã µ abusÐ µ trÐ µatmÐ µnt and Ã' hild wÐ µlfarÐ µ sÐ µrviÃ' Ã µs arÐ µ of inÃ' rÐ µasing intÐ µrÐ µst. DÐ µsÃ' riptions by Young and Ã' ollÐ µaguÐ µs (1998) and MaluÃ' Ã' io and Ainsworth (2003) point to sÐ µvÐ µral important Ð µlÐ µmÐ µnts in sÐ µrviÃ' Ã µ innovations dÐ µsignÐ µd to intÐ µgratÐ µ substanÃ' Ã µ abusÐ µ and Ã' hild wÐ µlfarÐ µ sÐ µrviÃ' Ã µs. SÐ µrviÃ' Ã µ linkagÐ µ mÐ µÃ' hanisms that Ã' onnÐ µÃ' t Ã' liÐ µnts to sÐ µrviÃ' Ã µs from diffÐ µrÐ µnt systÐ µms arÐ µ an important Ð µlÐ µmÐ µnt in intÐ µgratÐ µd modÐ µls (D'Aunno, 1997). ЕxamplÐ µs of suÃ' h mÐ µÃ' hanisms inÃ' ludÐ µ ad hoÃ'  rÐ µfÐ µrrals, Ã' asÐ µ managÐ µmÐ µnt sÐ µrviÃ' Ã µs, and Ã' oordinatÐ µd loÃ' ation of sÐ µrviÃ' Ã µs. OthÐ µr Ã' ommon mÐ µÃ' hani sms usÐ µd to intÐ µgratÐ µ Ã' hild wÐ µlfarÐ µ and substanÃ' Ã µ abusÐ µ sÐ µrviÃ' Ã µs inÃ' ludÐ µ sÃ' rÐ µÃ µning Ã' hild wÐ µlfarÐ µ Ã' liÐ µnts for substanÃ' Ã µ usÐ µ, Ã' ross-training Ã' hild wÐ µlfarÐ µ and substanÃ' Ã µ abusÐ µ workÐ µrs, and Ã' asÐ µ supÐ µrvision (MaluÃ' Ã' io Ainsworth). SignifiÃ' ant barriÐ µrs Ð µxist bÐ µtwÐ µÃ µn Ã' hild wÐ µlfarÐ µ and substanÃ' Ã µ abusÐ µ sÐ µrviÃ' Ã µs systÐ µms (Young Ð µt al., 1998). ThÐ µsÐ µ barriÐ µrs Ã' Ã µrtainly Ð µxist with rÐ µgard to sÐ µrviÃ' Ã µ infrastruÃ' turÐ µ (for Ð µxamplÐ µ, rÐ µfÐ µrral systÐ µms, timÐ µly aÃ' Ã' Ã µss), but also with rÐ µgard to fundamÐ µntal bÐ µliÐ µfs about Ã' liÐ µnts. For Ð µxamplÐ µ, Ð µaÃ' h sÐ µrviÃ' Ã µ systÐ µm must addrÐ µss thÐ µ quÐ µstion Is thÐ µ Ã' liÐ µnt thÐ µ Ã' hild or thÐ µ family? In thÐ µ Ã' urrÐ µnt systÐ µm, Ã' hild wÐ µlfarÐ µ agÐ µnÃ' iÐ µs tÐ µnd to foÃ' us on thÐ µ Ã' hildrÐ µn as thÐ µ primary Ã' liÐ µnts, whÐ µrÐ µas AODA agÐ µnÃ' iÐ µs tÐ µnd to foÃ' us on thÐ µ parÐ µnt as thÐ µ primary Ã' liÐ µnt. ThÐ µ rÐ µÃ' ovÐ µry Ã' oaÃ' h modÐ µl in Illinois attÐ µmpts to rÐ µsolvÐ µ and addrÐ µss Ã' ompÐ µting agÐ µndas by Ð µnsuring indÐ µpÐ µndÐ µnÃ' Ã µ. ThÐ µ rÐ µÃ' ovÐ µry Ã' oaÃ' hÐ µs in Illinois arÐ µ not Ð µmployÐ µÃ µs of Ã' hild wÐ µlfarÐ µ or AODA trÐ µatmÐ µnt agÐ µnÃ' iÐ µs, but arÐ µ Ð µmployÐ µd by a nonaffiliatÐ µd soÃ' ial sÐ µrviÃ' Ã µ agÐ µnÃ' y (TrÐ µatmÐ µnt AltÐ µrnativÐ µs for SafÐ µ Ð ¡ommunitiÐ µs) (Phillips and Bloom, 1998). This indÐ µpÐ µndÐ µnÃ' Ã µ hÐ µlps Ð µnsurÐ µ that rÐ µÃ' ovÐ µry Ã' oaÃ' hÐ µs' primary Ã' onÃ' Ã µrn is thÐ µ familiÐ µs thÐ µy sÐ µrvÐ µ. RÐ µÃ' ovÐ µry Ã' oaÃ' hÐ µs arÐ µ rÐ µquirÐ µd to partiÃ' ipatÐ µ in IDÐ ¡FS and Division of AlÃ' oholism and SubstanÃ' Ã µ AbusÐ µ training that Ã' ovÐ µrs a variÐ µty of topiÃ' s, inÃ' luding addiÃ' tion, rÐ µlapsÐ µ prÐ µvÐ µntion, DSM-IV, AmÐ µriÃ' an SoÃ' iÐ µty of AddiÃ' tion MÐ µdiÃ' inÐ µ, fundamÐ µntals of assÐ µssmÐ µnt, Ð µthiÃ' s, sÐ µrviÃ' Ã µ hours, Ã' liÐ µnt traÃ' king systÐ µms, sÐ µrviÃ' Ã µ planning, Ã' asÐ µ managÐ µm Ð µnt, and Ã' ounsÐ µling (NurÃ' o Ð µt al., 1998) ЕarliÐ µr rÐ µsÐ µarÃ' h in has Ð µstablishÐ µd thÐ µ Ð µffiÃ' aÃ' y of sÐ µrviÃ' Ã µ intÐ µgration for rÐ µduÃ' ing substanÃ' Ã µ abusÐ µ in Ã' hild wÐ µlfarÐ µ (Marsh Ð µt al., 2000). YÐ µt thÐ µ impaÃ' t of thÐ µsÐ µ programs on Ã' hild wÐ µlfarÐ µ outÃ' omÐ µs is lÐ µss wÐ µll known. ThÐ µ likÐ µlihood of aÃ' hiÐ µving family rÐ µunifiÃ' ation for substanÃ' Ã µ-abusing parÐ µnts is Ð µxtrÐ µmÐ µly low. Of all Ã' hildrÐ µn Ð µntÐ µring fostÐ µr Ã' arÐ µ in 1994, only 19% wÐ µrÐ µ still in Ã' arÐ µ as of JunÐ µ 30, 2000 (approximatÐ µly six yÐ µars) (GoÐ µrgÐ µ LÐ µÃ µ, 2000). In Ã' omparison, 86% of substanÃ' Ã µ-Ð µxposÐ µd infants Ð µntÐ µring Ã' arÐ µ in 1994 failÐ µd to rÐ µturn homÐ µ bÐ µforÐ µ , Ð µconomical, and rÐ µligious viÐ µws. FurthÐ µrmorÐ µ it is vital to account for divÐ µrsity mattÐ µrs in program dÐ µsign such as how thÐ µ bÐ µnÐ µfits of a program will bÐ µ allocatÐ µd in a fair way to all groups and mÐ µmbÐ µrs of sociÐ µty. Ð ¡onÃ' lusion ThÐ µ foÃ' us of this study will bÐ µ on thÐ µ Ð µffÐ µÃ' tivÐ µnÐ µss of thÐ µ rÐ µÃ' ovÐ µry Ã' oaÃ' h modÐ µl in Ã' hild wÐ µlfarÐ µ. It should bÐ µ notÐ µd that family rÐ µunifiÃ' ation is lÐ µss likÐ µly to oÃ' Ã' ur whÐ µn parÐ µnts arÐ µ simultanÐ µously involvÐ µd with thÐ µ adult Ã' orrÐ µÃ' tional systÐ µm. This is an important finding bÐ µÃ' ausÐ µ although thÐ µ problÐ µm of parÐ µntal arrÐ µst or inÃ' arÃ' Ã µration is wÐ µll doÃ' umÐ µntÐ µd in thÐ µ Ã' hild wÐ µlfarÐ µ litÐ µraturÐ µ (ЕhrÐ µnsaft, Khashu, Ross, WamslÐ µy, 2003), thÐ µrÐ µ is sÃ' ant rÐ µsÐ µarÃ' h with rÐ µgard to thÐ µ outÃ' omÐ µs assoÃ' iatÐ µd with this partiÃ' ular problÐ µm. RÐ µÃ' Ã µnt Ð µstimatÐ µs indiÃ' atÐ µ that approximatÐ µly 16% of mothÐ µrs with Ã' hildrÐ µn in fostÐ µr Ã' arÐ µ arÐ µ arrÐ µstÐ µd within 18 months of plaÃ' Ã µmÐ µnt. ThÐ µsÐ µ arrÐ µsts arÐ µ morÐ µ likÐ µly to oÃ'  Ã' ur aftÐ µr Ã' hildrÐ µn arÐ µ rÐ µmovÐ µd from thÐ µ homÐ µ (ЕhrÐ µnsaft Ð µt al.). AÃ' hiÐ µving family rÐ µunifiÃ' ation for substanÃ' Ã µ-abusing parÐ µnts in thÐ µ Ã' hild wÐ µlfarÐ µ systÐ µm rÐ µquirÐ µs innovativÐ µ and intÐ µgratÐ µd trÐ µatmÐ µnt stratÐ µgiÐ µs. Еvaluation of rÐ µÃ' Ã µnt praÃ' tiÃ' Ã µs indiÃ' atÐ µs that substanÃ' Ã µ abusÐ µ sÐ µrviÃ' Ã µs Ã' an bÐ µ obtainÐ µd morÐ µ quiÃ' kly and thÐ µ likÐ µlihood of rÐ µunifiÃ' ation Ã' an bÐ µ slightly inÃ' rÐ µasÐ µd. ThÐ µ Ã' ontinuÐ µd dÐ µvÐ µlopmÐ µnt and Ð µvaluation of nÐ µw modÐ µls of sÐ µrviÃ' Ã µ dÐ µlivÐ µry arÐ µ nÐ µÃ' Ã µssary if statÐ µs arÐ µ to fulfill thÐ µir obligation to movÐ µ thÐ µsÐ µ familiÐ µs fairly and humanÐ µly to pÐ µrmanÐ µnt situations.

Doblin essays

Doblin essays Synopsis for Books 5-6, Berlin Alexanderplatz Books five and six in Doblins Berlin Alexanderplatz detail a large plot progression and many thematic ideas for the novel. Among these thematic ideas are the heavy consumption in society (in this case within the city of Berlin) and perhaps the futility of more noble actions in a society that seems only full of sin. Throughout the earlier part of the novel, and not surprisingly in these two books as well, we have depictions of a highly capitalist society. Berliners strike me very much as we may today call mass consumers. The array of good and services, some good and many bad, further the idea of a society marked by heavy consumption. The excerpt about the play in the Berlin theater is a great example. Doblin first mentions the play, and goes on to detail the many various reasons an individual may or may not go to the see the play (sleep was one reason noted why an individual may not go). This is just one example, in addition to the many weve seen earlier in the book, where we have the opportunity to see things that are privileges, but are yet neglected. At the same time, it must be noted that as a proliferation of good and services are available, many are still homeless in the streets. Second, Reinhold serves as a great example to consumerism. He does not know exactly why he likes par ticular women, or further why he always seems to never like them after a month or so. All that is certain is that he really enjoys women and that he runs through them as it suits his mood. Franz Biberkopf was released from Tegel with an attitude that he was going to live on the up and up from that moment forward. He tries to do so early in the novel, and he finds himself quickly in dismay to learn that people arent as good as he would like to believe. He withdrew from society, for the most part, and went on a drinking binge that laste...

Too Many Things To Write About

Too Many Things To Write About â€Å"If neurotic is wanting two mutually exclusive things at once and the same time, then I’m neurotic as hell. I’ll be flying back and forth between one mutually exclusive thing and another for the rest of my days.†Ã‚  - Sylvia Plath, The Bell Jar A common complaint But writing anything is progressive. Even writing the wrong story, if there is such a thing. Putting words on paper, crafting plot, molding character, solving structure are all positive, advancing efforts in the evolution of a writer. All that time stressing and not writing is wasting time you could spend writing. I have a partial novel on a flash drive. I doubt Ill ever complete it, because Ive found other writing I love better. However, the weeks and weeks I spent writing those thirty thousand words taught me what I wanted and didnt want to write. It was an over-zealous project for me at that stage of my career, but the lessons were legion. I admire that unfinished piece as many stair steps toward what I ultimately published. Ideas. . . we all have them. Some of us incessantly ponder them in their heads. Others of us just write lists of them. Others carry through and complete the stories. Most of those stories wont see the light of day, will be rejected, or will simply become dead ends. But those writers. . . the ones who go through the sweat of crafting those ideas into words, will have taken the biggest strides forward. Those are the ones who will one day strike gold Merry Christmas, Happy Holidays, and heres to writing badly in order to find the good.

Aaa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Aaa - Essay Example now evident in our planet with the fiercer storm, frequent floods, warmer weather and other weather related calamities, that cost us lives and properties destroyed, his argument that global warming is already upon us is now accepted as a given fact. Krislov just reiterated the fact that â€Å"decades of climate research show that global warming is happening and human activity is a driving cause†. Gore’s arguments are already common to the modern audience because his arguments are also used by other environmentalist groups and advocates to increase the awareness of the public about climate change. In fact, many academe today include Gore’s documentary An Inconvenient Truth as part of their curriculum to educate students about climate change. So it is no longer an argument for me. Gore’s discussion about the possibility of melting glaciers in Antarctica has already been documented in camera by National Geographic that would cause the atmosphere to warm and thus, presented compelling evidence that it happened and is still happening right before our very eyes. This similar demonstration of melting glacial sheets was also shown in the documentary An Inconvenient Truth except that we thought about it as an exaggeration. The carbon emission that started it all is also given and everybody knows about that already. In fact right now, governments are already conte mplating to make it an official policy with many people thinking that it is already long

Assessment on a book Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assessment on a book - Essay Example ays to make People like You, Twelve Ways to Win People to Your Way of Thinking, Be a leader: How to Change People Without Giving Offense or Arousing Resentment, Letters that Produced Miraculous Results and Seven Rules for Making Your Home Life Happier (Carnegie). Each section of the book plays an integral role in making individual win friends and become an influential person in the society. The aspects highlighted in this book will be essential in my college life, since in the next semester, I will apply all the laid down stipulations that will make me a darling of the people. I will not be criticizing, condemning or complaining about each and every situation in my college life. As a result, I will be giving honest and sincere gratitude to every individual who does positive things in my life. I will not be an isolated individual since I will develop a genuine interest in my fellow students. I will continuously be smiling, because as Professor James V. McConnell, a psychologist at Michigan University Psychologist once remarked, â€Å"people who smile tend to manage, teach and sell more effectively, and to raise happier children. There is far much information in a smile than in a frown† (Carnegie 64). Similarly, I will encourage my fellow students to talk about themselves and will be a good listener, since I will be talking less, and when I talk, it is channeled towards other individuals’ interests, since I will be making them feel important. I will let the other party do much of the talking, as this will make them think the idea is theirs. I will ensure that I avoid arguments since I will be respecting opinions of other people. When I am wrong, I will quickly admit it, and never tell my fellow students that they are wrong. In this regard, I will be able to win other students into my way of thinking (Carnegie 89). In depicting leadership qualities, I will be able to start every conversation with praising and appreciating other individuals. I will also ensure that

Organizational Behavior in Margaret Atwoods Surfacing Essay

Organizational Behavior in Margaret Atwoods Surfacing - Essay Example Organizational Behavior in Margaret Atwood’s Surfacing Popular culture is meant to represent the common ground or the popular perception of culture but has the organization of society become too intellectualized? If work is as much a part of our lives as eating and breathing is, then is work life itself a good reflection of our cultural make-up? Gender and sexuality have both taken on new identities over the last century, thanks to war and depression, and this has also changed how the working world is comprised. Men and women are socialised in different ways, aiding the way they see themselves in later life. Little girls are dressed in pink, little boys in blue; little girls bake and sew while little boys fix cars and make furniture. The way we are told we should behave, is largely responsible for the types of vocations chosen by people and also why new world upbringing has led to current trends of women in previously exclusively male vocations such as engineering. Margaret Atwood writes a compelling, if rather disturbing account of gend er and sexuality in the modern world where her chief character battles with her own stress in the new expectations of women in the modern world. Surfacing by Margaret Atwood is essentially a feminist manifesto that looks at the complexity of how society organizes its gender differences and sexuality. It is not an easy novel to digest neither does it attempt to dissipate the uncomfortable truths about life in the modern world.... This is because women in the workplace have had an affect both on men and women: men now have to share their workplaces with women and women have to contend with previously masculine issues. The problem with academic representations as opposed to popular writing is that the academia is unable to see the interpretive mode of translation. It is not possible for academic representations to see inside the person's actual being, making it difficult to determine what it is exactly that makes employees or ordinary people tick. Any number of aspects can affect the way the person reacts to the environment around them. The past, present and future are all parts of the human life cycle that affect the way organizations are perceived by individuals. The popular culture representation for this reason is more personal, more realistic. If we look for instance at the film Portrait of a Lady we see the difference between how women were perceived in the past and now how they are perceived today. There are two female characters in the book Surfacing, the narrator and Anna. Anna is the epitome of the old-world passive female mentality. Concerned most of all about her weight and her appearance, "I told her she should wear jeans or something but she said she looks fat in them."(Atwood, 1997: 5). On the other hand, the narrator writes about her lover, Joe whom she refrains from marrying, explaining his appearance, "with small clenched eyes and the defiant look of a species once dominant, now threatened with extinction. That's how he thinks of himself too: deposed, unjustly."(Atwood, 1997: 2). If we compare this piece of writing to the above example of Portrait of a Lady, we see the way in which gender roles

Financial analysis and management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words - 1

Financial analysis and management - Assignment Example ion was to become a pioneer in global airways, and to achieve this target British Airlines has focused on making alliances with carefully selected companies (Rao & Krishna, 2004, p.75). During the 1990s, the airlines company emphasized on enhancing its corporate appeal, creativity, business efficiency, competitive position, and training facilities for employees. In the year 2004, the British Airways initiated â€Å"a new set of vision, values and goals†. The business strategy of this airlines company along with its values and goals were represented by a new mission which was entitled â€Å"The BA Way†, and it was made known to every individual associated with the company. The purpose of this mission was to fulfill non-financial objectives like focusing on safety and satisfaction of customers as well as motivation of employees. This mission was mainly dependent on complete cooperation and support from all the company’s stakeholders (McDonald et al., 2011, pp.91-92 ). British Airways which has always been a financially successfully company however experiences a severe decline under an inefficient and insensitive leadership. The period between 1996 and 2000 in which Robert Ayling was the Chief Executive of British Airways, the company’s financial performance went through a extremely. Ayling’s policy of undermining customer service and quality was the major reason behind the underperformance of the company’s shares by 40 percent. During his first year, Ayling was almost faced with a pilot’s strike which was narrowly avoided. In his second year, there was strike called by the cabin crew which lasted for three days which resulted in a loss of  £ 125 million. During this time, motivation level of the employees of British Airways dropped and a negative environment prevailed among the staff due to Ayling’s tactless approach. It was argued that Ayling’s leadership to a large extent destroyed the brand image and service quality of the British Airways which was

What is good education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What is good education - Essay Example Good education is something that inculcates concepts in the students rather than making them cram a certain volume for a certain piece of time and then forget that after the exam. In conventional practice, a lot of countries have such educational systems in place that heavily draw upon the students’ ability to cram. Thus, students who have greater ability to cram are more qualified to excel as compared to others whose short-term memory is not equally fine. In the long run, the fundamental purpose of education is acquainting people with knowledge. People cannot be expected to contribute to the development of knowledge unless they have robust concepts about the existing knowledge. In order to be applicable upon a wider audience, it is imperative that education is cost effective. Education can be made cost effective by adopting cheap means of delivery. Quality education has become unattainable for many people simply because they cannot make it to the colleges. Either the colleges are too far away or else, renting a hostel makes the people go out of budget. Even if some manage to afford the hostel expenses, they may not be able to adjust in the hostel environment and consequentially, their academic performance may decline. Hence, virtual education is a big step ahead in the way of improving the quality of education. Virtual education can also be considered as good education because it obviates the need for the educators to arrange rooms to teach the students in.

Hooke's Law Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Hooke's Law - Lab Report Example The tables, Table 1a,1b,1c,1d gave way for constructing a table for change in length as result of applied force for the 5 rubber bands. The tables 2A, 2b, 2c, 2d show that as the forces are increased so does the length of stretch increase. 12N force when applied causes more stretch than the rest of the force, for all the trials. The averages for the change in length caused by the forces were also calculated as shown in Table 3: Averages. These averages in length change were used to build Plotting table, Table 4, as a basis for producing a graph for the relationship. Graph 1 show that all the five rubbers did not exhibit a straight line when the change in length was plotted against force. Graph 2 shows that the relationship between average change in lengths and force does not produce a straight line. This is indicative of presence of outliers in the graph as shown by the dark straight line. The results indicate that despite increased changed in length as force is increased, rubber does not fully respect Hooke’s Law. The presence of outliers in graph indicates that rubber band does not respect the concept of Hooke’s law, â€Å"a graph of force against extension produces a straight line that passes through the origin† (Wilson & Hall, 2009). The inconsistency witnessed results from the nature of rubber’s elasticity, which makes it stress dependent and easily affected by temperature. Intuitively, any slight change in temperature might have interfered with the measurement. This implies that rubber band does not follow Hooke’s law because of the inconsistency in change in

What is good education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What is good education - Essay Example Good education is something that inculcates concepts in the students rather than making them cram a certain volume for a certain piece of time and then forget that after the exam. In conventional practice, a lot of countries have such educational systems in place that heavily draw upon the students’ ability to cram. Thus, students who have greater ability to cram are more qualified to excel as compared to others whose short-term memory is not equally fine. In the long run, the fundamental purpose of education is acquainting people with knowledge. People cannot be expected to contribute to the development of knowledge unless they have robust concepts about the existing knowledge. In order to be applicable upon a wider audience, it is imperative that education is cost effective. Education can be made cost effective by adopting cheap means of delivery. Quality education has become unattainable for many people simply because they cannot make it to the colleges. Either the colleges are too far away or else, renting a hostel makes the people go out of budget. Even if some manage to afford the hostel expenses, they may not be able to adjust in the hostel environment and consequentially, their academic performance may decline. Hence, virtual education is a big step ahead in the way of improving the quality of education. Virtual education can also be considered as good education because it obviates the need for the educators to arrange rooms to teach the students in.

Anything related to Civil Engineering Research Proposal

Anything related to Civil Engineering - Research Proposal Example balancing all the fundamentals of construction management, safety remains the most significant aspect of the construction management that ends up being compromised, when the balancing of the other aspects of the construction is involved (Andersen, 21). Construction is a hazardous business. Whenever construction accidents happen, the costs are normally high on the people, productivity and profitability associated with the project (McGraw Construction, 7). In this respect, there is a great need to understand how safety can be integrated into the whole construction management process, right from the design to the completion of the project. It is well known that safety issues, accidents and hazards are costly to the construction industry. For that reason, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) laws have been established in order to guide the safety and health protection at construction project sites (Lingard, 212). Nevertheless, even with the laws guiding safety and health protection within construction sites in place, accidents and safety hazards still occur in construction sites (Andersen, 21). A large number of construction project owners have always engaged in search for ways to circumvent the safety measures and regulations issued by different safety authorities and agencies in their construction projects (Lingard, 213). However, the few parties in the construction industry who have been keen to adhere to the safety and health requirements in their projects have realized significant positive impacts, which include good reputation, less injury and less legal claims against the companies, as well a s little disruptions in the project plans (McGraw Construction, 27). Therefore, this research study will seek to assess how safety management can become the priority of the construction project owners, as opposed to being a mandatory regulation that they should adhere to. The proposed research seeks to evaluate the motivation and underlying factors

Arrys document Essay Example for Free

Arrys document Essay For the person specification I again used Ms word to created the document. I used Ms Word when creating my document because it is easier to insert tables. I state a brief summary explaining why it is important for the candidate to meet all the criteria the document is asking for. This makes it aware for the candidate to know before hand. This is why I have explained in detail so that the candidate can provide all the necessary documents and evidence he/she needs to have before applying for the post. The second thing I have is insert a table so that I can list all the information that candidate should have when they apply for the post. In the table I have mentioned how candidate would be tested on their skills. I think that it is important to test the skills and inform them earlier as candidate can prepare to be tested. I have used bullet points with short points telling what is needed. I believe listing all the necessary informing in bullet points makes it easier to see. If I was going to write the whole specification in long paragraphs then it would have been very boring and time consuming for the candidate to read. I chose to keep the document simple with bold font and clearer by being short and to the point with bold font to help enhance the look of the document. I believe in my document the main point that I think I stated was important is that applicant should be aged 18 or above. This is because candidate should be handling or selling alcohol when needed so therefore I complied with the Employment equality (age) regulations 2006. So therefore I think it is very important for the company to inform the candidate before hand so that they could know the legal requirements because if they dont then the company could face the possibility of getting sued. From the previous task two I took some of the information which I thought would be useful. So from that document I made quite a similar person specification according to the position as a check out assistant. First, I insert a table to make the document look more professional and use formal language so that the layout is satisfactory to both the company and the applicant. I also kept the document simple and in detail such as by presenting all the information, to be shown in a table to make the document look more professional and use formal language so that the layout is satisfactory to both the company and the applicant. I personally think that my document was not that good from rest of my group members documents because there were some of the information points were missing and it was not designed to a very high standard document. This is the main reason it was not chosen. I only included some of the basic information that needs to be in a person specification such as the qualification, skills required and relevant experiences because the information I provided could have been added more to it. When making comparison to Arrys document he has got all the information in a depth explanation on what the criteria of the check out assistant should have been. Also on the second page he has got a brief summary of what each criteria means and what short of candidate the company is looking for. By this it should be very clear for any applicant who is interested in the job position as it has all the necessary information that needs to be known by the applicant. Chelsea and my person specification had only the basic information and there were not explained in a depth information like Arry. In the meeting we discussed the good and the bad points of each our documents so that we could come up with a final document. All of us had most of the important bits of information but we figure it out that Arry s document was the best among all of us as he had all the important bits of information and not only to that he had an extra page expending more on why all the criteria so that it make clear sense for the candidate to understand it even better. His document stood out best when comparing from rest of our document as well informative and it looked very professional to a very high standard. In his documents there were all the necessary information we had in our document but there were more on his document than ours. So therefore we all agreed that we chose Arrays document. We thought that we did not need to add anything to the document and that was the final document for the person specification. However, the layout of the document was created together. For the job advert I produced using Ms Publisher because I believe all the job advertisement are produced there. As it has got the right format of the layout guides and custom layout to designed the document which in result can look professional in nature. The document I have produced is straight forward in informing the position of a job vacancy. The important information are in bold font and the font size is bigger than the normal size of the text. By doing this it makes my advert stand out and more appealing to a wider range of applicant and making it easier for the applicant to grab the main points and to see the main points. I have taken some of the information from task two while I had created my advert. These are the things I have considered which are; I included a logo of my company to make it look more professional and eye catching as well as it enables for the candidate to see different ethnic staff ASDA employ. Also, I included a picture of ASDA staff as it helps the applicant to see the dress code and uniform that applicant should be wearing when they are working at the company. I used clear, simple language so that the font style and the size of the applicants would find it easy to read. I stated the main important information in the beginning with bold text, bigger font size with short cut sentences so that the document is attractive making it easier for the applicant to grab the main points of the advert. The second main point I included a brief summary stating the responsibilities with bullet points . Then at last I stated a brief summary of the job description and company description will be shown. I tried to kept my document simple to the point because it will help the readers to see the information much quicker. As I think that giving too much unnecessary information about the job position in a job advert will be a waste for the applicant to read and it does not help enhance the overall document rather it makes it look unprofessional. I have created my job advert by using the help of task 2 where I considered some of the useful information applying in some of the useful bits and applied the information to my document where I thought it would be suitable. Again all of us had some of the basic information that needed to be in a job advert like the details of the job vacancy for instance in a table everyone had included what the job is about and giving details of the location of the job, hours, salary etc. We thought these were the main important parts that needed to be included in the document as without it, it would no have made any sense for the applicant to understand what the purpose of the document and its job vacancy position. Also all of us had included short paragraphs of what kind of candidate the company is looking for. We believed that stating a brief description would briefly tell them what the job entails and gives an overview. All of our document layout were clear and short making it interesting for the readers to follow and read. In everyone documents they have include the main responsibilities and key task, explaining in brief description of the job role and what kind of candidate they want to recruit. We thought It was important to state this because it will ensure that candidate have the skills to perform the job before they apply for the position. There was a tie between whose job advert to choose between Ben and Chelsie as both of their advert were equally good. It was quite a hard choice to make as the decision to whom to choose. But comparing twice made us pick Chelsie as her advert was more in an informative way such as she had used simple language, short paragraphs and bullet points. This makes it easier for both the candidate and the reader to read it more clearly and does not take time for them to go through such in detail because it is straight forward to the point on what kind of candidate the company is looking for . It has got all the necessary information of the job. What made it stand out from the rest of our document is that Chelsie document is simple clear to read and understand and short paragraph. Also the fact that she has state a brief summary of the company history like why it is so popular to have a career in ASDA and the benefits of joining the company makes it attractive and appealing for the candidate to have a career at ASDA because of their huge growing numbers of location ASDA has got.

Analysis of Stings by Sylvia Plath :: Stings Essays

In lines 51-60 of â€Å"Stings,† imagery, allusion, and antithesis are employed by the author, Sylvia Plath, to develop her attitude towards men. In this section of â€Å"Stings,† Plath uses the â€Å"queen bee† as a symbol of herself -- a fiery, angry, vengeful daughter who rises up in spite of the man (her husband Ted) described in lines 38-50. Because much of Plath’s work is confessional poetry, it can be analyzed not only by her use of poetic devices but by her personal history as well. This poem was written on 21 May 1962, the day after a weekend visit by some friends of the family, the Wevils. Sylvia sensed an attraction between her husband Ted and Assia Wevil, which may have provided the motivation for much of â€Å"Stings.† Lines in this section of the poem, especially lines 51-52 (â€Å"They thought death was worth it, but I / Have a self to recover, a queen†) indicate Sylvia’s desire to assert her independence, not only from Ted but from all the other female bees, who die when they sting -- â€Å"sting† in this case meaning sacrificing themselves for men. From this standpoint, â€Å"Stings† can be seen as a feminist work as well as an â€Å"anti-Ted† poem. In lines 51-60, Plath uses several poetic devices to express this feminist theme and the anti-Ted theme. Lines 55-58 state: â€Å"With her lion-red body / her wings of glass / Now she is flying / More terrible than she ever was, red / Scar in the sky, red comet.† In these lines, her feminist attitude is revealed in large part by color imagery. â€Å"Red† is used in lines 55, 57, and 58 to express her independent lust, strength and power (archetypally, red symbolizes male strength, ex. Mars as the red planet). The lion-red queen emerging from all of the worker bees echoes the lines 82-84 of â€Å"Lady Lazarus,† in which Plath alludes to the Phoenix: â€Å"Out of the ash / I rise with my red hair / And I eat men like air.† Her allusion to the emerging â€Å"lion-red body† in line 55 accomplishes the same purpose. However, in the same line, Plath uses antithesis to assert her femininity as well -- â€Å"wings of glass† seems to express her delicate nature in contrast with the power of the â€Å"lion.† The final lines, lines 59 and 60, of the poem reveal more of her contempt towards Ted.

Private life of a Baseball player :: Athletics Sports Essays

Private life of a Baseball player American Baseball is so popular that lots of good player from other country have dream to become a member of Major league. So do the players from my country. Some players started playing in big teams such as LA Dodgers, Boston Red Sox, New York Yankees, and Texas Rangers. Other players started from minor league. MLB is not anymore game for only American people. Fans from all over around the world want to watch ball game through broadcasting. In America, there are a few baseball players who came from South Korea, and they are doing well in MLB teams. Since baseball became so popular sports and international business, players got paid lots of money, and the reporters wants to disclose their private life of famous players in order to sell more and more issues of newspapers. Sometimes, they are trying to dig out something embarrassed stuff about certain player by tailing after them. Such a behavior of reporters can be the cause of an accident between baseball players and reporters such a s arguing, or fighting. What I am going to write down and argue about is an accident which was happened between reporter of sports news paper and a baseball player. To summarize what and how that accident happened, one of those players, who called Byunghyun, Kim, had been distressed because he could not do well as one of pitcher. After the season was finished, he came back to South Korea as his hometown. What he needed was just a rest, refreshing his mind and concentrating on his training. Except few people, he tried not to let anybody notice that he came back to his country. Because he knew that he would get bothered by lots of reporters with bunch of questions about what he did during season and what he is going to do for next season. While he was staying, he tried to get some rests and train by working out with his friend in health clinic center. Unfortunately, there was the reporter who knew the fact which Mr. Kim came back and rest a while by training. The reporter started to follow him without any permission and tried to catch something interesting story for newspaper article so that he could became the famous reporter. On the way go back from health center to home, that paparazzo took couple of pictures from the behind of Mr.

Pros and Cons of Fast Food

The Good and Bad of Fast Food The Good and Bad That Fast Food Brings To Our Society Shawn Guzman E. C. P. I. English 110 The Good and Bad That Fast Food Brings To Our Society In this day and age everyone has had some form of fast food. There are many options to choose from all around the world. If one was to travel down any main city block, he or she may be overwhelmed with the many options to choose from. The most popular options may be McDonalds, Burger King, Pizza Hut, and Subway just to name a few. The choices are almost endless. The availability to eat fast food is everywhere.It is very hard not to notice when there are advertisements on television, magazines, and all over the internet. The advertisements offer great deals, large quantities, great gifts and more. It can become very hard to avoid the temptation. That is what these franchise’s marketing groups are targeting. There are many questions asked about how unhealthy fast food is. There are constant debates that fas t food is bad for you. I believe if you eat too much of anything it may be unhealthy. Fast food has been around for a long time and seems like it will be around in the future as well.There are good and bad things about fast food that many people are aware of. That’s why there are always debates about the pros and cons of fast food. The way that fast food is portrayed to be unhealthy is understandable and there are many reasons to support that, but there are also many reasons why people think fast food is great and is not getting any less popular. A very good thing about fast food is the availability. There are many locations to eat fast food. At any spare moment driving down the street people can pull over to one of many chains of fast food restaurants to eat.There are different varieties to choose from such as Chinese food, pizza, Mexican, and maybe the most popular hamburgers and fries. Every year there are more and more locations popping up that offer different varieties t o choose from. Franchises like Wendy’s and McDonalds seems like there are locations everywhere. McDonalds operated their first location back in 1955 and now McDonald's is the leading global foodservice retailer with more than 32,000 local restaurants serving more than  60 million people in 117 countries each day (Our history, n. d. ). Fast food is very convenient for a lot of people that are on the go.Many households may not have the time to cook a well home cooked meal. A single parent that that gets up in the morning and has to get ready for work, while taking care of a child, may not have the time to cook breakfast. This is a time when the parent may elect to get a breakfast on the way to work. After a long day of working a fulltime job, that person may not have the time or energy to cook a meal at home. That is when fast food may be very convenient. Many households may not have the time to sit down as a family, and eat breakfast, lunch or dinner.This is a perfect time w hen fast food may come in handy. Many fast food locations have very affordable prices. If you can go to a specific location and eat a full course meal for under five dollars, that may be very affordable. With the state of economy being the way it is today in the U. S many people might not be able to afford the cost of grocery shopping. People may prefer to purchase an inexpensive meal to feed each other. Imagine a single parent has a child that is hungry and the parent only has five dollars. There are locations now such as McDonalds that have what they call, â€Å"The Dollar Menu. Based on McDonald’s website, people can order variety of breakfast sandwiches, hamburgers for lunch, and even soft drinks, for just $1 dollar a piece (Dollar menu, n. d. ). The average person can purchase 5 different items with 5 dollars. That can feed a couple of people in a household. Some may say this can turn out to be very costly if done on a regular basis, although there can be many reasons w hy this can be perceived as an affordable and viable option. There may be many that believe fast food is completely unhealthy, when that is not necessarily true.If fast food is eaten at moderate rates it is not necessarily an unhealthy issue. Currently based on the U. S Food and Drug Administration (FDA) they state: FDA regulations require nutrition information to appear on most foods, and any claims on food products must be truthful and not misleading. In addition, low sodium, reduced fat, and high fiber must meet strict government definitions. FDA has defined other terms used to describe the content of a nutrient, such as low, reduced, high, free, lean, extra lean, good source, less, light, and more.So a consumer who wants to reduce sodium intake can be assured that the manufacturer of a product claiming to be â€Å"low sodium† or â€Å"reduced in sodium† has met these definitions. (Food label, 2008) The label for the food has nutritional facts on it. The labels are suppose to state how much calories an item has in it, or how much salt and sugar the item contains. These facts are helpful to determine if the item is healthy or not. Even though most of these fast foods can contain a high volume of cholesterol or fats, if taken in moderation it may not be unhealthy.It may seem that fast food is the most unhealthy food in the world, and rightfully so. There are so many negatives about fast food, that some people may think why even eat it at all. The effects of eating too much fast food can be very costly. Even though it may seem like fast food is so delicious and there are so many different options, is it really worth it in the end? One of the unhealthy ingredients in most fast food is Trans fat. Trans fat is â€Å"fat produced from the industrial process of hydrogenation, in which molecular hydrogen (H2) is added to vegetable oil, thereby converting liquid fat to semisolid fat. (Trans, 2011) Some of the specific fast foods that contain Trans fat are items such as pizza dough, French fries, and fried chicken just to name a few (Trans, 2011). There are so many different types of fast food that uses some form of Trans fat. There are many health risks that can start from eating too much fast food that contains Trans fat. There have been many studies to determine if Trans fats or saturated fats cause heart disease. At one point in the late 1980’s some test confirmed that saturated fats lead to heart disease, this caused many to believe there was no harm in eating fast food that contain Trans fat.The consumption of Trans fat rose drastically during that time. It wasn’t until the 1990’s that test confirmed that Trans fat was actually a higher risk to cause heart disease than saturated fats (Trans, 2011). Either way it seems that both types of fat can cause some form of heart disease if too much is consumed. The best thing is to have a healthy diet. Fast food can be the start of an unhealthy diet. There are ple nty of unhealthy ingredients in most fast food meals. Many people may say that there is a gain of weight when eating fast food. People who eat a lot of fast food probably have a better chance of being overweight.If someone eats more than a couple of fast food meals a week most likely they are not in proper shape. Eating too much of any fast food is not healthy for any one. When eating foods that are unhealthy they mostly contain fats, salts, or some type of sweetening. These types of ingredients may be addictive. People who’ve been eating fast food for a while may believe that it is too hard to just stop eating. Some people may say just stop eating fast food, but is it really that easy? Certain ingredients may be addictive or have some type of mental power.A former director of the FDA Dr Kessler states: When it comes to stimulating our brains, Dr. Kessler noted, individual ingredients aren’t particularly potent. But by combining fats, sugar and salt in innumerable ways , food makers have essentially tapped into the brain’s reward system, creating a feedback loop that stimulates our desire to eat and leaves us wanting more and more even when we’re full. (Parker-Pope, 2009) In this article Dr Kessler continues to make valid points on how it seems that fast food restaurants use this to they’re advantage.Some of these restaurants have scientist that try to figure out the perfect combinations of sweets and fats that seem overwhelming to the human taste buds (Parker-Pope, 2009). With the food scientist making food irresistible, it makes it that much harder to put down the hamburger or French fries that taste so good. So just think that if these scientists, that work for these fast food restaurants, make it that much harder to stop eating fast food, people are going to continue eating fast food. That is when people start to gain weight.When people keep eating even though they are no longer hungry, that can lead to being overweight an d obesity. Those are big problems in our society and why fast food is a contributor to that problem. The negative perception about fast food being unhealthy is true because of the tactics that are sometimes taken. Some of the tactics used by fast food restaurants are their marketing campaigns. For example the McDonalds Happy Meal that is marketed toward children. These Happy Meals can be purchased at a reasonable price and also come with a toy. It is very hard to tell hildren no when they see that a toy comes with the fast food they are about to eat. Most of the time a child doesn’t even care about the meal itself. Imagine trying to feed your child a healthy meal, but they frequently see their most popular cartoon character or super hero toy being given away free with an unhealthy McDonalds Happy Meal. This is what many parents have to deal with. Finally someone is trying to change this from being a problem. Currently San Francisco city officials are trying to ban Happy Meals from being sold with toys if they don’t meet certain nutritional standards.The San Francisco Supervisor Eric Mar, who started the proposal, said: I do believe that toys and other incentives attached to foods that are high in sugar, fat, and calories are a major reason for the alarming rise for childhood obesity in this country, Mar said. This is a very modest ordinance that is an incentive for the industry to take responsibility for healthier choices for children and parents. (Martinez, 2010) Hopefully if one city or state stands up for our children others may follow.This can be the start of what our nation needs to start getting back to eating healthier. Fast food companies need to be controlled somewhat on how they are marketing their unhealthy food to little children. There are a lot of arguments about if fast food is healthy or unhealthy. Some people believe fast food is very affordable and convenient, with plenty of options to choose from around every corner. The way ou r nation is always on the go, it is hard to argue with a person wanting to just grab a bite while on their way to work, or when taking their children to school.Sometimes it feels like there is not enough time in the day to cook, and fast food is a perfect option at the end of the day. As for fast food being unhealthy, is not a real debate. There are current test that clearly show that as being the case, but quantity and regularity seems to be more of a problem. If a person eats too much fast food on a regular basis than that can prove to be deadly. We are in the land of the free, where we believe in freedom of choice. If someone wants to eat fast food that is a choice they can make for themselves, whether it is healthy or not.References Dollar Menu. (n. d). McDonalds. com. Retrieved Jan. 1, 2011, from: http://www. mcdonalds. com/us/en/food/meal_bundles/dollar_menu. html Food Label Helps Consumers Make Healthier Choices. (2008). Retrieved Dec. 27, 2010, from the world wide web: http: //www. fda. gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm094536. htm#moreinfo Martinez, Michael. (2010, Nov. 8). Ban on low-nutrition Kid-toy meals draws nearer in San Francisco. CNN. com. Retrieved Jan. 3, 2010, from http://www. cnn. com/2010/US/11/04/california. fast. ood/index. html? iref=allsearch Our History. (n. d). McDonalds. com. Retrieved Jan. 2, 2011, from http://www. mcdonalds. com/us/en/our_story. html Parker-Pope, T. (2009, June 22). How the Food Makers Captured Our Brains. The New York Times on the Web. Retrieved Jan. 4, 2011, from the world wide web: http://www. nytimes. com/2009/06/23/health/23well. html? _r=1=health Trans fat. (2011). In Encyclop? dia Britannica. Retrieved Jan. 1, 2011 from http://www. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/1085248/trans-fat

Indian Ocean Trade Essay

During the time period between 300 CE and 1450 CE the Indian Ocean Trade was consistent of its spread of goods, religion, and the growth of trade route under different empires. On the other hand, the significant changes were the ways of trade, diffusion of religion, and empires controlling the trade route. Economically, the Indian Ocean Trade stayed the same in the way of spreading goods, but changed in the means of trading. Around the fifth century CE long- distant trade by land was mostly used. Trade of exotic products for the elite, such as; silk, spices, and gems, were spread all throughout the trade network and were incorporated into local markets. This is because there were new markets being built and goods spread. Methods of trade changed for the better. Land travel was no longer the only method of transporting goods. Ships in the thirteenth century could only travel by monsoon winds. With the introduction of maneuverable sails, ships like the dhow and junk were able to move goods under many wind conditions. This helped a great deal because the people would not have to wait as long for the delivery of trade goods. Culturally, the Indian Ocean Trade was consistent in the spread of religion and ideas, a change was the diffusion of cultures by religion. The Muslims were a prime example of this continuity. They were a big religion, and as their merchants traded, their religion spread as well. On the other hand, Islam is a great example of the change. Islam came into regions that didn’t have a big religious base. As people converted, their old culture diffused. From this, regions lost their identity because people were converting, whether it was by force of new leaders or by choice. Politically, a continuity of the Indian Ocean Trade is growing while under different empires, and a change in which empires controlled the trade  network. An example of the continuity would be the Mongols, how they made trade much easier and made it grow. Many merchants benefited from the Yuan Dynasty, around the fourteenth century. This ties to the change, because from 300 CE to 1450 CE there were different empires, such as, Sui and Tang Dynasty, Swahili States, Mongols, and Islamic Caliphates. The different empires made trade grow and spread. As the empires grew the routes changed, connecting trade routes to the; Trans- Sahara, Silk Road, South Asian, and Mediterranean routes. During 300 CE and 1450 CE changes involving the Indian Ocean included how goods were transported, cultures were diffused due to new religions, and the empires that controlled. Trade on the Indian Ocean steadily increased the spread of goods and religion even though it was controlled by different empires.

Good and Evil Essay

From the moment you were born, good and evil did not matter to you. As a child, your journey was not determined yet. People develop their own perceptions of what is right and wrong, as they grow up, through their experiences. What a person sees as evil and wrong could be different than how others view it. A person cannot rightfully understand what it means to be good unless they can avoid evil. To truly avoid being evil, one must learn to stay true to their ideals, goals, and relationships. The journey to good starts with the choices that will shape you for the rest of your life. An image of a new-born baby can be used as a symbol to represent good things such as: the untouched, purity, and innocence. Such description is titled under a new-born because when a baby is born, its sensory motors are heightened due to the incapability of sight. As from what I remembered, the inability of sight can also possibly symbolize another aspect of purity in a way where one is not able to see the impurities of another. A new-born child can also be represented as innocence. Once a baby is born, people keep babies indoors and out of harm and danger. A baby also can resemble an awareness of the purity and innocence being able to be easily broken, because of the fragility of an infant. Therefore, a new-born baby can generally symbolize purity, innocence, and untouched; however, it can also emphasize the fragility of the nature of good in such a way where if a single influence is displayed, one can easily learn and assimilate rapidly and change. With the society in which we live in today, the mass media plays a big role upon how an individual thinks, dresses, and acts. The media industry has become overpopulated by the dominance of men, thus demeaning women into several bad images. Women today are represented as sex symbols in music videos. If not, represented as a sex symbol, women are set on a high expectation to become model-like figures in order to gain acceptance of the society within the fashion industry; this expectation leads to the loss of one’s self through binging, dieting, and smoking cigarettes. Such dramatically terrible actions advertise bad images for the younger generation, encouraging them to become beautiful like one of the models on television. In regards to commercialism, there are many advertisements that encourage the society to allow children to become obese. We as a society are feeding our children with unhealthy foods due to the high rates of poverty. In relation to poverty, it is one of the reasons why there are criminals who steal to survive. Going back to Charles Darwin’s theory of â€Å"Survival of the Fittest†, we strive to survive in such a chaotic world filled with injustice and evil to where we reach a limit when it is difficult to be good sometimes. â€Å"It takes just as much energy to be evil as it does to be good and few people have energy enough for either course†¦ Evil isn’t what one does, it’s something one is that infects everything one does. † This quote, stated by Davies in Rebel Angels, exhibits the role of society. All of these industries believe that they are doing justice to the economy and the people (for example, to make people look or dress better, etc); however, in reality the products they are advertising are unhealthy for the public. We, as a general public, are solely attracted to what looks appealing, and are not really drawn to what it really does for you. This emphasizes the corruption of the society, thus revealing the nature of evil. â€Å"The evil that is in the world always comes of ignorance, and good intentions may do as much harm as malevolence, if they lack understanding. † This quote means that we are evil because we are ignorant of the good things in the world because we are selfish. And we are selfish because we refuse to understand such things. For example, when it comes to advertising, the industries advertise products for popularity and for more money without really caring about the outcomes of the public. They are ignorant of the outcomes the public. â€Å"The soul of the murderer is blind; and there can be no true goodness nor true love without the utmost clear sightedness. † Going back to the resemblance of one not being able to see, a blind man symbolizes purity because he is unable to see the imperfections of someone else. Camus explains that it is impossible for one to remain good, once an individual is evil; he or she has no representation of consciousness or guilt because he or she is only thinking about themselves. The nature of evil is thus, represented as the ignorance and selfishness of the people. It is said in Asian cultures that the good balances evil and vice versa and that one cannot do alone without the other. In Chinese philosophy, Yin-Yang describes â€Å"shadow and light. † It represents the polar opposites or the different forces that are interconnected and interdependent in the natural world, and how they work with each other in turn in relation to each other. Without the balance of good and evil, there would not be any balance within the earth’s core. Yin is like the moon, and Yang is like the sun. Without each other, one would not exist. For example, if the sun did not exist, there would not be such thing as â€Å"night† nor â€Å"day†. To paraphrase everything, the good becomes corrupted by the evil. However, the natures of good and the natures of evil intertwine to become a regular human being. There is an equilibrium between saints and Satans, somewhere in between the immortals, which is also known as us, human beings. There is Satan, because there is God. Human beings are made of good and evil. One cannot just be good, and one cannot just be evil. In some form, they are both good and evil, because one cannot be without the other. You need evil in the world, for there to be good. The way one sees evil may not be evil for the other but also, he might see good in it. Even though Davies says evil takes as much energy as good and people barely have energy to do either, but evil is not what someone does, but he is evil himself from how he infects everything from what he does.

Change Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Change Management - Essay Example Learning in an organization can be done using two approaches: Firstly, learning with regard to individuals within the organization. Here, efforts are directed towards increasing the employee’s capacity in terms of skill acquisition, knowledge and experiences to perform their individual tasks and responsibilities. Secondly, by creating a learning organization in which the collective state of the organization is continuously improved to achieve optimal objectives. The need for creating a learning organization arises from the fact that it is imperative not only for the firm to set its objectives and visions but that the whole membership of the organization should act in unison as opposed to individual brilliance (O Keeffe, 2002). The following discussion identifies the principles of learning followed by a subsequent analysis of the merits and demerits of introducing learning to an already established organization. In the first approach, the objective is to introduce transformative learning; one that surpasses the mere acquisition of knowledge and skills to one that provides the individual with the ability to think rationally for themselves, creating a high level in the ability of the person to emancipate themselves from â€Å"mob thinking† and as such think independently and consciously about any prevailing scenario. There are several tenets or principles of learning. A summary discussion on some of these principles is as follows: All human beings are born with an inherent ability to increase their capacity. They have the potential to think, do and feel. Acting by doing refers to the ability to interact with the external world while acting by thinking is the ability to engage one’s processes in the mind and soul. The potential to feel refers to one’s ability to interact and connect with other people, places and events. This forms the first and most important principle of learning. Secondly, human being